About LIST Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable. List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values. List items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] and last item has index [n-1] , where n is the no. of elements in list. The…
Text Files Text files store data in text form only. They use ASCII or Unicode characters. Each line ends with EOL (End of Line) — usually \n. To work on a file: open → write → save → close. You can also open an existing file to read or edit data. Same method is used…
DBMS (Database Management System) 1. Introduction DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is used to store, manage, and retrieve data efficiently. Example: MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MS Access, PostgreSQL. 2. Database A database is a collection of related data. It stores data in an organized form (tables). Example: A…
MySQL Functions Functions are used to perform some specific task. Every functions has a particular pre-defined tasks. functions are categorized into two parts. 1. Single Row Functions These functions operates on a single row at a time. These functions are categorized into following parts- i. Math Functions ii. String Functions iii. Date and Time functions…
Length of List len() is used to determine the length of any list in python. Syntax- len(List_name) type() function This function is used to determine the data type of items in list. Syntax- type(List_name) list() Builder list() function is used to construct a list from given items. Syntax- list() Access Items in List List Items…
1. Meaning of r+ , w+ and a+ These modes are read + write combination modes. They allow both reading and writing operations on a file. r+ Mode (Read and Write) Opens file for both reading and writing. File must exist, otherwise error. Writing starts from the beginning of the…
1. CREATE DATABASE It is used to create a new database. Syntax: CREATE DATABASE database_name; Example: CREATE DATABASE school; 2. USE It is used to select a database before performing any operation. Syntax: USE database_name; Ex.- USE school; 3. CREATE TABLE It is used to create a new table inside a database….
